Arigato gozaimas = thank you
Arigato = thank you (informal, would be rude in public)
Arigato gozaimasu = thank you but more formal, I noticed older people and service people will use this more often
Domo arigato gozaimasu = thank you but most full and more textbook I think (so more formal)
Domo arigato = thank you (formal) according to the Internet as an alternative to arigato gozaimas, but I never heard anyone say this other than an old man from Takayama. Or domo arigato means "thanks a lot", so maybe half informal because gozaimas is missing but made up in formality with the domo.
Sumimasen (my mnemonic: "sue me, my Zen") = excuse me or sorry. You use this a million times. You can also barely whisper this and surprisingly, a Japanese person can hear you!
To-i-re wa doko desu ka? = where is the toilet?
Ko-re wa doko desu ka? (my mnemonic: Kore like Korea) = where is this?
Kore wa nan desu ka? = what is this?
Kore onegaishimas = this please
A-re onegaishimas = that please
Mizu onegaishimas = water please
Gohan onegaisimas (my mnemonic: sounds like my friend Sohan) = rice please
Okaikei onegaishimas (my mnemonic: sounds like Hawaiian lol) = bill please
Piinitsu = peanut
arereguii (not sure I got that right) = allergy
Menyuu = menu
Ohio onegaishimas (mnemonic: sounds like Ohio the state, please lol) = good morning
konichiwa = good afternoon
kanbanwa (?,... not sure if I spelled that right. You make some weird Kung Pow Chicken noise with your mouth) = good evening
Sayonara = goodbye
wakarimasen (my mnemonic: "Bulgari, my Zen" with w) = I don't understand
tomeshite (my mnemonic: "tommy shit"), mo ii ka? = try it is okay?
cardo, mo ii desu ka? = card is okay?
hitori = one person
Hitori no teburu onegaishimas = one person table please
yoroshiku onegaishimas (my mnemonic: "Euro shiku") = I am in your debt (deeper thank you; use this if someone spent extra time to help you, I think)
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